Spanish and Portuguese-controlled islands
By METELLUS, Johannes , 1601
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Philippinae Insulae / Borneo, Celebes / Molluc Insulae / Insula Ternata

Asia Southeast Asia
  • Author: METELLUS, Johannes
  • Publication place: Coloniæ Agrippinaæ
  • Publisher: excudebat Ioann. Christophori
  • Publication date: 1601
  • Physical description: Engraved map
  • Inventory reference: 3382

Notes

Four maps showing Spanish and Portuguese-controlled islands (clockwise): the Philippines, Borneo, Ternate, and the Malaku Islands. The Malaku Islands are an Indonesian archipelago, known in sixteenth century Europe for the production of spices. Ternate is one of the Maluku Islands and was one of the major contemporary producers of cloves.

These maps appear in the ‘Insularum orbis aliquot insularum’ by Johannes Metellus. It stands out as a northern European contribution to the tradition of ‘isolari’, or ‘island books’, that has its origins in the manuscript Mediterranean chart books of the fifteenth century, and in the printed works of Sonetti, Bordone, and Porcacchi.

Johannes Metellus (Jean Matal) (1520–1597) was a Burgundian scholar in law and geography. He originally worked in Bologna, where he assisted with the publication of Lelio Torelli’s encyclopaedia, before travelling over Europe, meeting the cartographer Abraham Ortelius in the process, and settling in Cologne by 1563. Through his connection with Ortelius and the publisher Christophe Plantijn, Metellus contributed to some of the most important cartographic works of the period. He provided material for a new edition of Ortelius’ best-selling atlas ‘Theatrum Orbis Terrarum;, passed Gerard Mercator information in 1577 about an expedition to Mexico, and is thanked in the introduction to Michael Eitzinger’s famous ‘Leo Belgicus’. He also wrote the description of Lyon in the first volume of Braun and Hogenburg’s ‘Civitatis Orbis Terrarum’, and a preface to volume two of the same work.

By the time his isolario was published in 1601, the genre had developed into a complex mixture of atlas, travel narrative and tourist guide. Despite the publication of more comprehensive cartographical works like Ortelius’ atlas, they remained resolutely popular, although the extension of the range of Metellus’ work beyond the traditional Mediterranean limits suggests an attempt to follow contemporary interest. His own work borrowed heavily from the Italian cartographic tradition of the so-called ‘Laferi School’. This is particularly evident in the present work – his final atlas, where at least half of the maps are not very well disguised copies of those of Giuseppe Rosaccio.

Bibliography

  1. Zacharakis 2171–2184.
  2. Meurer, Peter, 'Atlantes Coloniensis: Die Kölner Schule der Atlaskartographie 1570–1620', Cologne, 1988, pp. 162–167 and 190–192, Met 10. c.f. Cervoni 21
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